Mahabharata War And It’s Impact on Science and Technologies of Ancient Civilizations

 

Mahabharata War and It’s Impact on Science and Technologies of Ancient Civilizations

By Lalit Mishra, email : Mishra.lalit@gmail.com

Mahabharata has been the first recorded world war of ancient world ( Dated between, 1500 BCE - 3100 BC) in that, quite a  large number of armed forces ( 18 Akshauhani)  gathered from all across the world to fight the war for their lords, who they liked and got aligned to, The war left behind unimaginable casualties and loss of lives, enormous destruction with effectively end of an era called Dwapara and subsequent beginning of the dark age of Kali.

The war demolished the socio-economic system of Vedic Aryans along with extinction of a number of tribes and races like Rakshas, Asuras, Naga, Yakshas etc who lost their existence on planet earth, The war caused an end to all pervasive Vedic empire and it’s colonies across the globe such as Bactria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, South West Europe as well as from some parts of lower Russia and China. The war deserves serious studies  that unfortunately never happened.

The impact of war can be seen and realized  in lost history of many races, I strongly opine that it’s the Mahabharata war that’s responsible for decline of Indus Valley Civilization, not merely changes in the flow of Saraswati or it’s getting to dry or the subsequent prolonged famine could have devastated the valley, Even today Saraswati doesn’t flow but we have best green states of India thrive along the perceived flow stream of Saraswati, I w’d be writing separately on Indus Valley Civilization as found in Indian texts.

Obviously, Indian economy, science and technology got impacted to it’s worst and today we have only textual references left to know about human life of Mahabharata age.

In the prolonged discussion held on catastrophic weaponry used in Mahabharata war Francesco Brighenti, Jyoti Babu, Ram Varmha etc. who argued without caring to have serious self study of available sources, mostly under superstition that there was no science, not even the basic fundamentals of science with that people of Mahabharata age, however, could develop catastrophic weaponry, Jyothi Babu kept hurling demand to see Motor, Gear and Liver in texts, so be it !

Ignorance is no bliss, not a science either, the science begins with systematic study, unfortunately, some activists but half read scholars used science as a hoax, as a cover to hide their own state of not having read the scriptures. 

They are making fantastic false theories like Aryan Invasion, Aryan Migration to India and so many other wrong stuff that floats in the  cyber group.

Question is how without  a scientific approach to discover the unknown truth,  how some people justify their advocacy for science and technology.

I have been thinking for the long-long time to put a few textual references for the benefit of those who argue more but knows too less, Below is the part one, In the part two, I shall cover more dangerous weapons like Pashupata, Brahmastra,  Narayan Astra etc.

Ref 1 : Use of motor driven boat

In the epic of Mahabharata, we get reference to boat having a motor fitted into it, the evidence comes in epic’s Jatugriha Parva (148), the context is Pandava’s run for a safe place after the Lakshagraha in Varnavat was burnt, The verse lists three key attributes of the boat :

1.       Yantraukta i.e having a motor fitted into it.

2.       Sarvavat Saham i.e able to face air storms.

3.       High speediness.
 

In fact, we get reference to mechanical devices(Yantra)  right from Rigvedic mantras, people don’t study texts attentively and toss up with folly having a flag of science.

Ref 2 : Peculiar Tranquillizer gun
In my opinion, the greatest character of strength and feminine glory in epic is rebellious Amba who committed her life to kill Bhishma in revenge of injustice that Bhsihma caused to her, Bhishma had everything but the independent human values since he chose to get wedded to throne.

In Mahabharata, upon prayers of Amba, Parashuram waged war against Bhishma, neither of them were able to win the other, frustrated Bhishma prays to Asht Vasus and gets Prasvapan Astra, The Prasvapan Astra was a non-lethal weapon that was invented by Viswakarma with intention to get the targeted person tranquilized and subsequently captured. Exactly same that's in use in out times.
 

Ref 3 : Deployment of defense devices  with a hundred barrel Gun, The Cannon “Shatadhni”

Epic narrates the fortification and kind of security structure implemented for the security of the Viraat, the capital of Drupad, father of girl,  Krishna whose another name Draupadi is more popular, The narration is found in (Viduragaman parva, 199’th chapter) and it comes from Saumadatti who narrates attributes of Shataghni, the cannon with a hundred barrel gun, was deployed for the security and it's also said that adequate reserves for the wartime including fuel, food grain, machines and medicines was managed.

A Ghosh (1950) who carried out excavation at Rajgiri (Bihar)  has identified traces of similar fortifications with Cyclopean wall and signs on earth left by heavy chariots of Jarasandha’s time, to unearth the unknown history,  more researches should be conducted on such traces.

Ref 4 : The programmable telescopic devise, Chakshushi Vidya and Agneya Astra

In Chaitra-rtha parva (171’th chapter, Adiparva) Arjun’s encounter with one Yaksha who upon defeat gifts Chakshushi Vidya or knowledge of programmable telescopic device to Arjun, that has capability to provide view of the all three lokas, the devise was originally invented by Manu and given to Soma, Soma gave it to Visvavasu and lastly it's mentioned that it was Yaksha king, who got the devise.

Arjun also gifts a few fire arms ( Agneya Astra) to gandharva that he received from Drona and Drona  had received those fire arms from  Agnivesha and Agniveshya from Bhardwaj, So, you see a series of experts across generations is shown in the epic having knowledge of such fire arms, It should also be noted that Fire Arms or Aagneya Astra is different from Arrows, Firearms looks similar to small handy ballistic missiles.

Ref 5 : Advanced Chariot “Sodaryavaan Ratha”

Epic (24’th chapter, Jarasandha Parva) provides interesting details of an advanced high speed chariot named as “Sodaryavaan”, the chariots had champers for two warriors who can fight independently, This advanced chariot was originally used by Indra in his mission against ninety nine Danavas, the episode is mentioned at many places in RiIgveda.

Pandava - Bhima captured this chariot from Jarasandha and Jarasandha  got that chariot from Vasu and Vasu from Indra. This sequence shows chariot had quite mature and stable design that could have lasted for generations.

The importance of chariots can be understood with Bhishma classifying armies gathered for the war in five ways – Ardha Rathi, Rathi, Udar Rathi, Maharathi and Ati Rathi.

 

 

The Design of Swastika and It's Real Meaning

 

 

During the festival of Diwali, tradition of making symbol of swastika is continued in India since the age of Vedas, from the Vedic age the tradition of making Swastika went into Harrapan civilization and subsequently it was spread over the entire world, there is no place in no corner of the world that doesn’t adore Swastika wherever we travel Europe, Australia or south America.

 

Swastika represents 4 Vedic nakshatras located at distance of 90 degrees from each other making a complete celestial circle of 360 degrees. The symbol of Swastika denotes advanced astronomical knowledge of Vedic rishis which is not found in any other ancient civilization.

 

 Let’s get into design of Vedic Swastika which is presented by Rigvedic mantra given below -

 

!! स्वस्तिनः इन्द्रो वृद्धश्रवा: स्वस्ति नः पूषा विश्ववेदाः स्वस्ति नस्तार्क्ष्यो अरिष्टनेमि स्वस्ति नो बृहस्पतिर्दधातु !!

 

Design of swastika begins with Chitra nakshatra (constellation), lorded by mighty Indra who is said to have large ears, able to hear invocations from  all directions (वृद्धश्रवा), In the rigveda, Indra is also called “Shring Vrisha” or “श्रृंगवृष” which is also found in Harappan seals, next comes the nakshatra Revati lorded by Pusha who is the knower of all world, the vishvaveda (विश्ववेदाः) , perhaps, Vedic Indians are the first among all ancient civilizations who presented humanity the supreme idea of a world’s existence beyond the region they lived and perhaps our historians of previous decades missed out the opportunity to underline the significations of this idea.

 

Chitra and Revati presents two ends of a line drawn at 180 degrees, next to Pusha it’s the nakshatra Shravan, denoted by Garuna (तार्क्ष्य) whose lord is Vishnu, the other end of the line drawn at 180 degrees is shown by Pushya nakshatra whose lord is Brihaspati (बृहस्पति) and thus these four nakshtras makes complete celestial circle of 360 degrees which are implored to bless with all round auspicious wellness indicated by 4 arms of Swastika.

 

During the month of Kartika, Sun moves onto Chitra nakstra whose lord is Indra as already said and hence in some parts of country new year is celebrated after Diwali in India.

 

 

        Vedic Age Cities, Towns and Town Planning

  Rebuttal to false claims of Michael Witzel, Asko Parpola, Romila Thapar and others of their likes

                                                Lalit Mishra, email - mishra.lalit@gmail.com

 

 

The makers of Vedic civilization who developed Vedic culture and envisioned entire planet earth as one integral family of theirs,  way back in the era when size and shape of earth was unimaginable, such a refined magnanimous vision suggests Vedic people led an advanced life, spread evenly in cities, towns and villages.

In any civilization to transition from rudimentary living in huts, mud houses in villages to developed cities, it requires to have an advanced economy with good trade and commerce activities, so was the case with Vedic Age Aryans who could built large fortified towns in the Indus - Saraswati basin that we know as Indus Valley Civilization.

A strong yet wrong perception is built by Asko Parpola and Witzel that Vedic economy was merely an Agro-Pastoral economy as they find in Ural steppe, Vedic Urban life echoed in Vedic mantras rejects such ideas. Here is a list of significant key words showing advanced state of Vedic Age economy, that had already been matured when Rig Veda was composed.

श्रेणी, Shreni (Rig Veda 10.142.5) - Business corporates aligned due to contracts or through common objective or business interests, functioning in contingents  वनिक Vanik ( Rigveda 5.45.6) Businessman
अनवभ्र्राध, Anavabhraraadh ( Rig Veda 2.34.4) – Wealth earned right manners.अभिह्रित, Abhihrit (Rig Veda 1.189.6) = Fraud, Cheat कुसीदी,Kusidi (Rig Veda 8.81/82) – Money lender who lends money to earn interest.आय, Aaya (Rig Veda 1.125.3) -  Incomeऋण, Rina ( Rigveda 8:47:17) – Loan.ऋणया, Rinayaa (Rigveda 2:23:11) – Person who collects loan amount.ऋणकाति, Rinakati (Rig Veda 8.61.2) – Ensured loanऋणवान, Rrinwan (Rig Veda 1.169.7) – Person under loanऋण सन्नयन, Rin Sannaya (Rig Veda, 8.47.17) – Collection of installments of 1/8’th or 1/16’th of loan, a precursor to idea of EMI, in Atharveda ( 19.45.1) we find idea of compound interest on loanक्रीणाति, Krinati (Rigveda 4:24:10) –  To Purchase अविक्रीति, Avikreeti (Rig Veda 4.24.9) - Goods, not soldअधिवक्ता, Advocate (ayurveda 16.5) – Authorized Spokesperson, An advocate

Vedic hymns give thorough light on design and architecture for building towns and cities and advanced state of economy.

The city life of vedic period is the  focus of this paper wherein we make attempts to remove the unqualified myth getting perpetuated by Romila Thapar and her camp of historians that vedic age people didn’t know of large cities to the scale of Indus Valley civilization, However, way back in previous decades, a few cynics admitted existence of towns although they made attempts to downsize the area of towns without supporting citations, claiming that there are only ruins of small settlements in the name of towns ('armaka', Falk 1981) or ruins of small forts ('Pur', Rau 1976), all such bogus claims were further selectively quoted and re-asserted  by M Witzel and his talebearers in India who appeared quite a bit under-informed in the subject at first sight, it has happened in the previous century as well.

Let’s explore what is found in Vedic  corpus,  The overabundant importance and admirations for 'Ashva', 'Gau', 'Dyau' is peculiar to Vedic culture. The 'Ashva' symbolizes the year (samvatsar) and the horse , 'Gau' symbolizes Sun rays and 'Cows' and 'Dyau' represents ecliptic and horizon , The interpretation of mantras highly depends upon the running context in the concerned hymns, It’s obvious to  find very  idea of Ashvamedha rite in the Rigveda itself, since, Asvamedha represents global aspirations of Aryans for making a civilized world, The idea of Asvamedha  emerged for the first time in Rigvedic  mantra ( 4.48.8), The mantra explains initial two day’s rituals of total 21 days long rite of Asvamedha , Shatpath Brahaman upholds the Aryan idea of making a civilized world.

 

It’s obvious for the Vedic people to develop cities and towns who had dreams of conquering world and converting it into a family and not into a colony of theirs. It’s not a co-incidence that makers of Sumerian , Chaldean and Egyptian civilizations were said to have come from the EAST, Who else were those eastern flag bearers of humanity, if not the Aryans, who had this grand wisdom that is echoed in Vedas.

Wiztell presents ultra-simplistic idea that  Vedic  “Pura” is small fort and makes his story around it, seemingly, he is unaware of citation like “Tripur” (Krishna Yajurveda  6.23 and Shatpath Brahman, 6.3.3.25) and  “Mahapur” ( Krishna Yajurveda, 6.2.3.1 and Aitereya Brahman, 1.23.2), these terms definitely points to larger towns with multiple sectors, Rigveda (7.56.16) mentions a multi storied building.

Rigveda (2.41.5 and 3.8.3) cites grand villas erected with thousand pillars for rulers of those times, God Varuna’s house is cited having thousand doors also, construction of such large villas can happen in large towns, citation of pillars shows matured town planning and construction engineering, such grand villas can not be built only on making walls, even today such a large construction requires pillars, There can not be second opinion that construction engineering was comperatively enough advanced.

Wiztell, Romila Thapar etc. doesn’t seem to have known that Taittiriya Arranyak uses term “Nagar” ( 1.11.7 and 1.31.2), It’s notable that Aranyakas are the texts pertaining to secluded life of Sages in the forests and finding  reference to “Nagar” or “Town” in Aranyakas is critical to students conducting study of Vedic science and engineering, We know that the term “Nagar” is still in use in India for “towns”.

Rigveda ( 7.88.5 ) and Atharva Veda (9.3.19) gives rise to idea that in the vedic age measurement of the area designated for the construction was taken, they were using two distinct terms “nimit” and “mit” for the measurement, Atharva Veda (9.3.19) suggests that “mit” was used for the measurement of larger area, probably the external or exposed area, large houses normaly had smaller rooms ( 9.3.20) builit inside.

 

One can linguistically trace origin of IE word “Limit” into vedic word “mit”.
 

It’s said that Varuna’s villa had large meeting rooms ( Rigveda 2.41.45), Moreover, Rigveda (1.167.3) talks about making specific rooms allocated n houses for women and Atharva veda (9.6.5) mentions guest rooms for guests visiting to a household.

 

We find that during the time of Rigveda, They Vedic people already had practice of growing trees before the houses and even trimming the unwanted leafs, One my like to refer to Rigveda (8.40.6)

 

अपि वृश्च पुराणवद् व्रततेरिव गुष्पितमोजो दासस्य दम्भय ( ऋग्वेद 8. 40 . 6 )

 

Reference to various types of utensils used to store food grains is found, food grains were stored in designated places called “sthavi”.

The basis of “Vastu” that is the branch of town planning and construnction engineering and  in use even today, is available in Rigveda in it’s seventh mandala as well as in many other mandalas that imagines “Vastospati” in two hymns (7.54 and 7.55 ), Shatpath brahman (5.1.19) relates shape of houses with human body.

In the vedic age, people used to wear colorful dresses and ornaments made of Gold and Silver, they also used to wear jackets ( Pesas) and waistcoats (Drapi ) along with more popular Uttariya.

 

It’s pathetic to see that Romila thapar fails to see ( "Hindutva and history", Oct 2000) structured irrigation  system by making canals and large wells. in the central and eastern India, common folks still call large wells “INDARA” in the memory of vedic god Indra who w’d have started making large wells. Readers can refer to unsubstantiated false writings of Romila Thapar accessible with link -

http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1720/17200150.htm

Citations to huge amount of donations, large armies and demolition of forts in large numbers too directly or indirectly indicates existence of towns and cities in addition to villages during Vedic age.  

Rigveda (4.24.9) briefs on making terms and conditions for business transactions, Business through large ships and boats was already a regular practice  done in Rigvedic India (Rigveda, 1.116.5), large ships were called “Shataritra”, Vedic sage Shunahshepa says that he knows about sea routes.

 

Conclusion

 

In the Vedic age, sages had everything available to them such as advanced mathematics, knowledge of building architectures, astronomy along with sufficient financial resources on account of trades and seafarers that’s required for making large multistoried houses, villas and town and cities, therefore, It’s concluded  that statements like vedic sages and common people didn’t know about Towns and Cities is not true.

 

      End of The Document                    

By Lalit Mishra, email : mishra.lalit@gmail.com ,
Note : Copyrights on the thesis produced below are reserved with author, Lalit Mishra.




India, The Homeland of Vedic Civilization

Rigveda, The earliest available book in the history of all human civilizations of the present world, begins with dedicating it's very first and very last hymn (Rigveda, 1.1, Rigveda 10.191 ),  to god Agni or the Fire,  Vedic god Agni's another name is "Bharata", that's also the sanskrit name of India.  As per the nirukta, Agni is the first among gods who reside on earth, It was the Vedic rishi Atharavan who invented system of Yagya, application of fire for deomestic purposes and sacrificial rites, Agni is  the foundation of Vedic civilization.  Agni's name "Bharata" is indicative of  beginning phase in pre-historic era when  Vedic Aryans started making settlements in Himalaya's terrain and could lead homely, family life.  "Bharata" is the term that collectively indicates fulfillment of essentials, basic needs for evolution of a human civilization such as having cooked food, security, progeny, wealth, language to communicate, idea of care and wellness and sense of satisfaction that Agni provides to those who pray and perform Yagyas. Agni is saluted as a divine power of contentment as we see in Rigveda (1.1.7).

 

नमो भरन्त एमसि ( Rigveda,1.1.7 )

The Fire or Agni caused vedic civilization's evolution 
 

Indologists and Vedic  scholars of contemprary world or from previous decades or centuries provides us no reason asto why Vedic civilization came into existence, It has been an open question  that was neither raised nor answered but fascinating stories like AIT/AMT were made without studying carefully the Rigveda and other Vedic texts , fortunately, Rigvedic account gives us straight answers that it was the Invention of Fire or Agni that caused emergence of vedic civilization.




Right in pre-historic era, the domestic use of fire helped aryans to have cooked food which is the stage of transformation from barberic life to a civilized life, fire also helped Aryans to have more agriculture land for cultivation  of crops, protection from the cold and cough i.e the bad weather and further it helped in doing basic metallurgy to bring revolutionary metal era at a later stage.




We get straight evidence full answers in Rigvedic mantras, in fact, Agni's prayer aas an enabler for metallurgy is evident in very first Rigvedic mantra ( 1.1) ,  Rigveda has numerous mantras assigning specific attributes to Agni such as  "नराशंस" ( Narashamsa ) , "जातवेदस"  ( Jaatvedas )  , "वैश्वानर विश्वकृत" (Vaishvanar, maker of the world)   and many more thus we have irrefutable endorsement to the  central idea of the thesis that invention of Agni  has been the prime reason for Vedic  Aryans to  evolove as a civilization and if this is seen along with Agni being stated as earthly God that Nirukta propounds, it all leads us to understand that the piece of land of earth where Vedic Civilization evolved should attest presence of both "Agni" and "Bharata" in language, in texts, in rituals, in trade and traditions and that unique relation is found only in present "Bharata" the India. 

I am happy to present more rigvedic mantras, stating Agni is the Bharata

तस्मा अग्निर्भारतः शर्म यंसज्ज्योक्पश्यत्सूर्यमुच्चरन्तम्       ( ऋग्वेद 4.25.4)
त्वमग्ने अदितिर्देव दाशुषे त्वं होत्रा भारती वर्धसे गिरा
त्वमिळा शतहिमासि दक्षसे त्वं वृत्रहा वसुपते सरस्वती ( ऋग्वेद , २.१.११)

उदग्ने भारत द्दुमदजस्रेण दविद्दुतत् शोचा वि भाह्यजर     (Rigveda, 6.16.45)

 

The Agni, The Bharat and their linguistic relation with other IE languages 
 

Those who are much into linguistics concerning Vedic civilization, should be knowing that the IE terms "Ignis", "Ignite" or the "Ogenj" { in Slovenian, earlier acknowledged by Joseph Skulj and also noted by Dr Nicholas Kazanas at a later day } are donated by Vedic Sanskrit in unknown antiquity, such terms can’t be said to be cognate of Vedic Sanskrit "Agni" as only in Vedic Sanskrit, The linguistic root leveraging the academic etymology of "Agni" is found, other IE languages do not have linguistic root for terms denoting Agni - "Ignite" in English, "Ignis" in Latin, "Ugnis", in Lithuanian, "Uguns" in Latvian or "Ogni" in Russian , "Ogenj" in Slovenian or any other variant of Vedic sanskrit "Agni", hence, two set of conclusions can be drawn here, firstly, the term "Agni" travelled to those regions of IE languages with expansion of Vedic Aryans from their Indian homeland and Secondly, the invention of Agni or fire happened in India by Vedic Rishisi. Since, term Agni's linguistic root with academic etymological explanation is found only in Vedic Sanskrit, It's logical to accept that over the period, from India, the knowledge of application of "Agni" or "Fire" spread across West Asia, Europe and other places and this is how they got them acquainted with application of Agni or Fire in their daily life.

The finding is of enormous significance for students of history and it's truly striking to us that although IE languages received Vedic Sanskrit's "Agni" and knowledge of it's application too which is also attested in the matter of fact that those languages don't have etymological basis for the term "Agni", however on the contrary, as said, the donation of term "Bharata" from Vedic sanskrit into English or into other IE languages, is not attested and scholars are urged to pay attention to this aspect that overturns the other theses produced in the past by leading institutions and scholars related to "non Indian homeland of Vedic Aryans" are incorrect, and in the same breath, this theis propounds that modern India or "Bharata" is the real homeland of Vedic Aryans

Falsification of Central Asia, Eurasia and European Thesis of Vedic Homeland

 

The matter of fact is Rig Vedic term "Bharata" is not traceable in languages of European countries nor in Central Asia nor in Uralic Russia, it's found nowhere in claimed geographic regions of remaining world wherein Vedic Aryans were supposed to have lived before living in India, as theorized by a section of motivated scholars claiming for Aryans to have invaded or to have immigrated into “Bharata” or “India”, is grossly incorrect without needing a second thought, however to deal with the issue academically, let's explore it further in subsequent sections of this article.

Absence of "Bharata" and "Bharati" in all other IE languages

The finding of absence of "Bharata" in IE languages is a unique finding that compels to ponder asto why the name "Bharata" the motherland of Vedic Aryans, doesn't exist in those non Sanskrit IE language speaking regions and why present "Bharata "or India houes the unbroken continuity of the term "Bharat" convincingly shows that the thesis of Aryan invasion or immigration from elsewhere to present India is not correct, and it needs to be seriously revisited on the basis of Rigvedic linguistic framework .

As said above, Vedic rishis adopted the the term "Bharat" , kept on calling their rivers and speech (Vak) glorifying the speech as the goddes with the term "Bharati", Readers are requested to see Yajurveda's yajush and Rigvedic richas cited below, the terms "Bharat" and "Bharati' make lifeline of Vedic civilization.

आ भारती भारतीभिः सजोषा इळा देवैर्मनुष्येभिरग्निः

सरस्वती सारस्वतेभिर्वाक् तिस्रो देविर्बहिरेदं सदंतु   (Rigveda, 3.4.8)

सरस्वतीडा देवी भारती विश्वतूर्तिः ( Yajurveda, 20.43 )


भारतीळे सरस्वती या वः सर्वा उपब्रुवे ( Rigveda, 1.188.8 ) 
  

Vedic goddesses Bharati, Ida and Saraswati who are said to be invoked together by all ( सर्वा उपब्रुवे) in one single Rigvedic Mantra shows great popularity of these three terms and is compelling scholars to accept that the lE language spoken in the geo graphical regions, claiming to be home of Vedic Aryans, must have presence of भारत, इला and सरस्वती and such an absence invalidates theories that AIT/AMT i.e the Vedic Aryans had their homeland in those geo graphical regions - Urasia, Central Asia or elsewhere.

 

 Indian Himalaya is the Vedic Aryan's Homeland

A thesis of history that attempts to provide solution to a complicated issues like homeland of Aryans, should begin with a specific bottomline of time by telling when the Aryans started settling in such a region and hence the specific region can be called homeland, A bottomline could be given either by marking a recognizable phenomena or by providing a date since when a civilization started with the help of textual or archaological records computing the exact time elapsed straightway.

In our case, the phenomena of the last great deluge ( 8000 BP to 9000 BP) is the said historical phenomena that destroyed every place of living where Aryans or other human groups and tribes could have been settled down and could have their homes, could have done farming and could have emerged as a civilization.

Vedas, Brahmanic Scriptures, Puraans and The Mahabharata provides sufficient evidences that the place where where Manu rescued life was the Himalaya, the highest mountain of planet earth and therefore, It's the Himalaya, that can be called historicaly, homeland of Aryans. Prof TP Varma, M Witzel, Parpola etc erred while claiming that Central Asia is the homeland of Vedic Aryans.

In Mahabharata, Van Parva, Markandeya Samyasya Parva ( Ch 187, Verses 47-50) is about the great deluge wherein it's said that Vaivasvat Manu anchored the boat in one of the peaks of the Himalaya, Himvat is the ancient name of Himalaya, Probably, Only Himalayan ranges could remain out of the deluge, Vaivasvat Manu had seeds of plants, herbs and the life.

अस्मिन हिमवतः श्रृंगे नावं बध्नीत मा चिरम ( Mbh, Ch 187, 48b)

The evidence of deluge can not be overlooked on the basis of the logic that Mahabaharata has been getting updated until 400 BCE as we have another testimony avaiable in Shatpath Brahman ( 1.8.1.6)with explicit mention to northern peak of the mountain, The Vayu Puran ( Parva, 50.88) also says that Manu went down this mountain which appears to me to be the place near Mansarovar lake, Thus the scriptures are remarkably consistent hereupon.

Having established that Himalaya is the place where Vivasvat Manu rescued his life and got settled, It's to be shown now that the Vaivasvat Manu is well present in Rigveda, later on, Rishis treated Himalay with great reverence, Rishi Kashyap, one of the most ancient Vedic Rishis seeking ellixir or Amrita, prays to Soma ( Rigveda 9.113.8) to take him to the place where Vaivasvat Manu lives as king wherefrom wherefrom the great rivers flow down i.e the Himalayan Mansarovar lake, stating that, that is also the gate to Svarga. thus we see that rigvedic mantra provides us much required proof of continuity of the faith in the Himalaya , the shelter of Vaivasvat Manu

यत्र राजा वैवस्वतो यात्रावरोधनं दिवः

लोका यत्रामूर्यह्वतीरापस्तत्र माममृतं कृद्धीन्द्रायेंदो परि श्रव |Rigveda (9.113.8)

Vedic Rishis hold Vaivasvat Manu in high esteem, he is given importance at par with the Gods as we see in below mantra, Kaksheevan Rishi wishes to become the Manu as well as Surya in one and same mantra, the purport of the rishi kaksheevan is to develop the best human qualities in him as Manu, the role model had shown, Kaksheevan also desire to have radiance and energy of Sun god.

अहं मनुर्भवं सूर्यश्चाहं कक्षीवॉ ऋषिरश्मि विप्रः | Rigveda ( 4.26.1)

The renowned Nadi Sukta (Rigveda, 10.75.5 and 8.3.6.5) begins with putting Ganga, Yamuna and then Sarasvati before all other rivers, that's the exact sequence of rivers Rishis got acquainted with, after moving down from the Himalayan shelters, probably, searching the better places to live wherefrom they spread in east and west directions alike. Here, it's important to note that NIrukta, Daivat Kanda, 9.3.5 provides us with etymological exaplanation for all those river names beginning with Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati.

Exorbitant with youthful energy, seafaring Vedic age Aryans of India traveled across widespread oceansand thereby having seen all seven continents of earth and tribes inhabiting therein ( सप्तमानुषः श्रितो विश्वे सिंन्धुषु, Rigveda 8.39.8) they could come to know that the Earth is round like a wheel, having an axis identified and measured with Indra, the mighty God who spins the earth.

We have many more mantras in Rigveda and all other three vedas have, that can be cited in support of the thesis that I propound in this writing that " Himalaya is the homeland of Vedic Aryans", particularly, The Atharva Veda also calls place of it's people is the "Bharata", Purans are filled in with dozens of the stories how a great emperor Dushyant's son was alao named "Bharat", Such a naming suggests that the term "Bharat" had already been in existence before the time king "Bharata" was born and became the samrat, herein, It's also to be noted that for the the emperor Bharat, naming ritual was performed by the vedic rishi "Kanva" and the abhishek ( coronation ) to stature of "Indra" was performed by another Rig vedic rishi "Deerghatamas", that shows the consitent use of the term "Bharat" in rituals.

Therefore, In view of the reference taken from Rigveda, Yajurveda, Mahabharata and Purans , It's concluded that "Bharata", that's the present Bharat or India, is the only and only homeland of Aryans, Although, it is correct for us to draw the map of Vedic Aryans activities to geographical regions extended upto central Asia and Urals in southern Russia, however, the Central Asia thesis for Vedic Aryan’s homeland doesn’t seem true to facts cited and arguments made in this review of his proposal.

Rigveda Calls Back Vedic Aryans, A Call For Homecoming

Rigveda, in fact, calls back it's people to their mother land "Bharat", that is the reason Vedic civilization discontinued in those regions beyond high mountains ( पर्वतान्बृहतो) leaving out only some traces of Vedic Sanskrit that we found in so many IE languages spoken out in Central Asia and Europe.

यत्ते पर्वतान्बृहतो मनो जगाम दूरकम । तत्त आ वर्तयामसीह क्षयाय जीवसे ( ऋग्वेद 10. 58 )

Not only that, RIgveda also calls back it's peolple from beyond the oceans and from the other corner ( पराः परावतो ) of the world, warns people to not to have hangover or infatuation with other parts of the world.

यत्ते पराः परावतो मनो जगाम दूरकम् । तत्त आ वर्तयामसीह क्षयाय जीवसे ( ऋग्वेद 10. 58 )




Conclusion

I like to re-emphasize that the term"Bharata" that Vedic Aryans held in high regard, must have been used and found in some or other ways, in non Sanskrit dialacts and languages spoken out in those claimed homelands of Aryans in Ural or in Central Asia as well, that is however not found. This is for the reason that Vedic Aryans didn't have their origin or homeland in those regions.

 

Disclaimer :

The issue as to what's the original place, the motheland of the Vedic Aryans has been impending without a decision since last 150 years, The author has taken a fresh endeavor to find out the right solution thorough studies of Vedas for six years and works of mainstream vedic scholars of India i.e Sri BG Tilak, Dr Baladeva Prasad, Dr Mandan Mishra, Pt Bhagavat Datt, Pt Satyavrat Shamashrami, Pt Raghunandan Sharma and Pt Madhusudan Ojha and various publications of Geeta Press Gorakhpur.